جاذبهای تمایلی زیستی مبتنی بر بزرگمولکولهای طبیعی
محورهای موضوعی : پلیمرها در انرژی و کاربردهای بهداشتی و محیطیمهنا چگنی 1 , زهرا طالب پور 2 *
1 -
2 - دانشگاه الزهرا(س)
کلید واژه: جاذب تمایلی طبیعی, ریزاستخراج فاز جامد, استخراج فاز جامد پخشی, ریز استخراج فاز جامد درون لوله, ریز استخراج فاز جامد در نوک پیپت,
چکیده مقاله :
بزرگ مولکولهای طبیعی از جمله لکتینها، پروتئین A و آنتیبادیها، به عنوان دستهای از جاذبهای تمایلی با منشاء زیستی شناخته میشوند که توانایی برقراری برهمکنشهای اختصاصی با آنالیتها را دارند. کروماتوگرافی مایع و استخراج فاز جامد تمایلی مبتنی بر این مواد، رویکردی قدرتمند برای جداسازی و پیشتغلیظ هدفمند آنالیتها از بافتهای پیچیده بیولوژیکی، زیستمحیطی و غذایی است. این جاذبها به دلیل گزینشپذیری بالا و توانایی شناسایی اختصاصی مولکولهای هدف، در سالهای اخیر توجه بسیاری از محققان را در حوزه شیمی تجزیه، علوم زیستی و فناوریهای جداسازی جلب کردهاند. در این مقاله، اصول بنیادی حاکم بر جاذبهای ذکر شده مورد بررسی قرار میگیرد و به بررسی گسترش استفاده از این جاذبها در تکنیکهای استخراج و ریز استخراج فاز جامد پرداخته میشود. کاربرد جاذبهای تمایلی در شناسایی عوامل بیماریزا (پاتوژنها)، آنالیز گلیکوپروتئینها و تشخیص نشانگرهای زیستی تشریح میشود. همچنین مثالهای عملی از ترکیب این جاذبها با روشهای شناسایی و جداسازی نظیر طیفسنجی جرمی و الکتروفورز موئینه ارائه میگردد. علاوه بر این، مزایا و قابلیتهای این جاذبهای تمایلی در افزایش انتخابپذیری، بهبود کارایی استخراج، کاهش اثرات بافت و توسعه روشهای نوین آمادهسازی نمونه مورد توجه قرار گرفته و جایگاه آنها در کاربردهای زیستپزشکی، زیستمحیطی و صنایع غذایی به صورت خلاصه مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار میگیرد.
Natural macromolecules, including lectins, Protein A, and antibodies, are recognized as a class of biologically derived affinity sorbents due to their ability to establish highly specific interactions with target analytes. Affinity liquid chromatography and affinity solid-phase extraction based on these biomolecules represent powerful approaches for the selective separation and targeted preconcentration of analytes from complex biological, environmental, and food matrices. Owing to their high selectivity and molecular recognition capability, these affinity sorbents have attracted considerable attention in recent years in the fields of analytical chemistry, life sciences, and separation technologies. This review discusses the fundamental principles governing the performance of these affinity sorbents and highlights the expansion of their applications in solid-phase extraction and micro-solid-phase extraction techniques. Their applications in pathogen detection, glycoprotein analysis, and biomarker determination are described. In addition, practical examples of coupling these affinity sorbents with advanced analytical and separation techniques, including mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis, are presented. Furthermore, the advantages and capabilities of these affinity sorbents in improving extraction selectivity, enhancing extraction efficiency, minimizing matrix effects, and advancing modern sample preparation strategies are discussed. Finally, their potential applications in biomedical, environmental, and food analysis are briefly reviewed and evaluated, with emphasis on recent developments.
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