پلیمرهای چاپ سهبعدی و چهاربعدی در استخراج فاز جامد و حذف آلایندهها
محورهای موضوعی : پلیمرها و چاپ سه بعدیبنت الهدی حسینیان 1 , مصیب واحدناوان 2 , میلاد غنی 3 *
1 - دانشگاه مازندران
2 - دانشگاه مازندران
3 - دانشگاه مازندران
کلید واژه: پلیمرهای چاپشده سهبعدی, پلیمرهای چاپشده چهاربعدی, استخراج فاز جامد, آمادهسازی نمونه,
چکیده مقاله :
پرداختن به چالشهای زیستمحیطیِ جهانی، مستلزم بهرهگیری از مواد پیشرفتهای است که توانایی بالایی در حذف مؤثر آلایندهها به واسطه استخراج فاز جامد، داشته باشند. این مقالهی مروری، به بررسی تازهترین پیشرفتها در زمینهی پلیمرهای تولیدشده با فناوریهای چاپ سهبعدی (3D) و چهاربعدی (4D؛ پلیمرهای پاسخگو به محرک) میپردازد. در این میان، نشان داده شده است که چگونه ساختارهای چاپشده به روش سهبعدی، با فراهمکردن هندسههای قابلتنظیم، افزایش تخلخل و سطح ویژهی بیشتر، میتوانند عملکرد جذب آلایندهها را بهبود بخشند. علاوه بر این، استفاده از پلیمرهای هوشمندِ پاسخگو در فناوری چاپ چهاربعدی، امکان ایجاد تغییر شکل یا آزادسازی کنترلشده را در پاسخ به محرکهای خارجی، مانند دما یا pH را فراهم میکند؛ قابلیتی که سطح جدیدی از کنترل عملکردی را در اختیار پژوهشگران قرار میدهد. در این مطالعه، فناوریهای مختلف چاپ، از جمله مدلسازی رسوب ذوبی (FDM)، استریولیتوگرافی (SLA)، پردازش نوری دیجیتال (DLP) و نگارش مستقیم جوهر (DIW)، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتهاند. همچنین، راهبردهای گوناگونِ عاملدارسازی پلیمرها، فرمولاسیون کامپوزیتها و عملکرد این مواد در حذف فلزات سنگین، آلایندههای آلی و باقیماندههای دارویی از نمونههای پیچیده، با یکدیگر مقایسه شدهاند. این مرور جامع، ضمن برجستهساختن دستاوردهای علمیِ اخیر، چالشهای موجود را نیز مورد توجه قرار میدهد و میتواند مسیر پژوهشها و نوآوریهای آینده را در توسعهی مواد پلیمریِ چاپ سهبعدی و چهاربعدیِ پایدار و پربازده هموار سازد.
Addressing global environmental challenges requires the use of advanced materials that have a high ability to effectively remove pollutants through solid-phase extraction methods. This review article reviews the latest developments in polymers produced by three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D; stimuli-responsive polymers) printing technologies which is used for the extraction methods. It is shown how three dimentional-printed structures can improve pollutant adsorption performance by providing tunable geometries, increased porosity, and higher specific surface area. Furthermore, the use of smart, responsive polymers in 4D printing technology allows for controlled deformation or release in response to external stimuli, such as temperature or pH, a capability that provides researchers with a new level of functional control. In this study, various printing technologies, including fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and direct ink writing (DIW), are evaluated. Also, different polymer functionalization strategies, composite formulations, and their performance in removing heavy metals, organic pollutants, and pharmaceutical residues from complex samples are compared. This comprehensive review, while highlighting recent scientific achievements, also addresses existing challenges and can pave the way for future research and innovation in the development of sustainable and high-performance three-dimensional and four dimensional printing polymer materials.
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