ارتقا عملکرد پوششهای سیلیکونی جهت مقابله با اثرات آلودگی هوا در کارایی مقره های الکتریکی
محورهای موضوعی : پلیمرها در انرژی و کاربردهای بهداشتی و محیطی
سحر عبدالهی باغبان
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نرگس ربانی خواه
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1 - پژوهشگاه رنگ، گروه محیط زیست و رنگ
2 - دانشکده مهندسی پلیمر و رنگ، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: سیلیکون-رابر, پوششهای آبگریز و خودتمیزشونده, میکرو و نانو ذرات, اصلاحات سطحی, مقرههای الکتریکی.,
چکیده مقاله :
این مقاله مروری به بررسی روشهای بهبود عملکرد پوششهای سیلیکونی جهت مقرههای الکتریکی در شرایط محیطی سخت و آلوده می‌پردازد. در راستای بهبود خواص پوششهای سیلیکونی، پرکنندههای میکرومتری، نانومتری و مخلوط میکرو/نانو ذرات (اکسیدهای معدنی: سیلیکا، نانورس، CaCO3، ZnO، TiO2، Ta2O5، Co3O4، SnO2، آلومینیوم نیترید (AlN)، نیترید بور، باریم تیتانات، آلومینیوم تری‌هیدروکسید (ATH) و پرکنندههای آلی: نانو لولههای کربن(CNT)،CNT چندجداره، مونت موریلونیت، اکسید گرافن) استفادهشدهاند. نتایج نمایانگر افزایش دوام و کارایی پوششها از طریق تقویت مکانیکی و شیمیایی بودهاست بطوریکه اعمال پرکننده‌ها با نسبت‌های بهینه مانند میکرو و نانوذرات سیلیکا و AlN در پوشش، موجب افزایش استحکام مکانیکی و کششی پوششها، افزایش خاصیت فوق‌آبگریزی، کاهش اثرات پیری و تخریب ناشی از تابشUV، فرسایش حرارتی و آلودگی، ارتقا مقاومت دی‌الکتریک و پایداری سطحی در برابر تخلیه الکتریکی، کاهش جریان نشتی و همچنین افزایش مقاومت tracking گردید. در نتیجه گزارش شد که پوششهای سیلیکون-رابر-اتیلن پروپیلن دیان مونومر رابر حاوی نانو ذرات سیلیس اصلاح‌شده، ATH، پایدار‌کننده‌هایUV، روغن سیلیکون، بالاترین آبگریزی با زبری سطح بهبودیافته و خواص خودتمیزشوندگی (زاویهی تماس قطرهی آب 161º، زاویهی تماس پیشرونده 172º و زاویهی تماس پسروندهی 169º) را از خود ارائه کرد. نتیجتا این پوششها قابلیت اعمال روی مقرههای ولتاژ بالا با کارایی بالا (مقاومت حجمی 1017× 5/1 (Ω.cm)، مقاومت سطحی 1012× 5/1 (Ω.cm)، مقاومت tracking 500 دقیقه در KV5، ولتاژ شکست بالا KV 145، ثابت دی الکتریک 4/4، مقاومت در برابر آتش بالا تا ºC 340 و خدمات طولانی در دمای بالا) بدون نیاز به شستشوی مداوم را دارند.
This review article examines the methods for improving the performance of silicone coatings for electrical insulators under harsh and polluted environmental conditions. To improve the properties of silicone coatings, the application of micrometric, nanometric, and mixed micro/nanoparticle fillers (inorganic oxides: silica, nanoclay, CaCO3, ZnO, TiO2, Ta2O5, Co3O4, SnO2, aluminum nitride (AlN), boron nitride, barium titanate, aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) and organic fillers: carbon nanotubes (CNT), multi-walled CNTs, montmorillonite, and graphene oxide) have been investigated. The results revealed that the introduction of nano and micro fillers with optimal ratios such as micro and nanoparticles of silica and AlN in the coating improved the mechanical and tensile strength of the coatings, increased the superhydrophobicity, reduced the effects of aging and degradation caused by UV radiation, thermal and pollution erosion, improved the dielectric strength and surface stability against electrical discharge, reduced the leakage current, and also increased the tracking resistance. Consequently, it was reported that silicone-rubber-ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber coatings containing modified silica nanoparticles, ATH, UV stabilizers, and silicone oil, demonstrated the highest hydrophobicity with improved surface roughness and self-cleaning properties (water drop contact angle: 161º). Accordingly, these coatings are suitable for high-voltage insulators with high performance (volume resistivity 1.5×1017 (Ω.cm), surface resistivity 1.5×1012 (Ω.cm), tracking resistance:500 minutes at 5 KV, breakdown voltage: 145 KV, dielectric constant: 4.4, high fire resistance up to 340 ºC and long service at elevated temperatures) without the requirement for frequent cleaning.
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